So I finally queued up for a dungeon again after being away for a long time, and I picked Hall of Thanes since it looked low level and I figured that would be forgiving. I had already reset my keybinds and turned off anything that looked unfamiliar in my interface, so I thought I was ready.
What went wrong is that I had no idea what the icons above enemy heads meant when the group started calling out numbers, and I was just standing there clicking things randomly. Someone in the group stopped and explained it, according to them it was about which enemy to attack first, and the numbers were just a way to agree on an order without typing it all out every time. Nobody was annoyed about it, which honestly surprised me a bit.
The second time I went in, this time to Ruins of Lordaeron, I paid attention to that from the very first pull and it made the whole run so much calmer. I still do not fully understand how those markers get set or which addons are involved in that, but at least now I know what I am looking at when someone else does it.
What I took from this is that asking the group directly in the moment worked far better for me than trying to figure it out alone beforehand. I am curious whether other people coming back after a break had a similar moment where one small thing suddenly made group content click for them.